What act includes anti-terrorism provisions applicable to vessels and structures in the marine environment?

The correct choice is the Maritime Transportation Security Act. This act was specifically designed to address the security of the nation’s maritime transportation system. It includes provisions focused on enhancing the safety and security of vessels, port facilities, and other related infrastructures against threats, including terrorism. The act mandates various security measures, such as vulnerability assessments and the development of security plans for different entities in the maritime environment.

The other acts mentioned, while they might address aspects of maritime operations or transportation safety, do not contain the specific anti-terrorism provisions that are a hallmark of the Maritime Transportation Security Act. For instance, the Ports and Waterways Safety Act primarily deals with navigational safety and does not encompass the broader security measures aimed explicitly at countering terrorism. Knowing the distinct focus of each act helps in understanding the context and scope of their provisions in relation to maritime security.