What does the "200-mile limit" establish in maritime law?

The "200-mile limit" in maritime law specifically defines the extent of a country's exclusive economic zone (EEZ). This zone extends 200 nautical miles from a nation's coastline and grants that country specific rights and jurisdiction over the exploration and use of marine resources in this area. The rights include not only the harvesting of fish but also the exploitation of mineral and energy resources on or under the seabed, as well as responsibilities for environmental protection and conservation.

This concept is crucial for countries to manage and protect their marine resources effectively, ensuring sustainable use while providing a framework for law enforcement and regulation of activities such as fishing and marine transport within this zone. The EEZ does not extend national sovereignty over the water column but allows the nation to control resources found within it.

Other options touch upon aspects of maritime law but do not accurately describe the significance of the 200-mile limit. For instance, while some may discuss international waters, the 200-mile limit is not about navigational purposes or establishing guidelines for shipping routes. It is also not primarily concerned with fishing quotas, which are specific to fishing management practices rather than the broader legal framework that governs maritime jurisdiction and resource rights.