Which law prohibits U.S. military personnel from executing domestic law enforcement actions?

The Posse Comitatus Act is the law that specifically prohibits U.S. military personnel from engaging in domestic law enforcement activities. Enacted in 1878, this Act was designed to limit the federal government's ability to use the military to enforce domestic policies and maintain order, thereby preserving the distinction between military and civilian law enforcement.

The intent behind this legislation is to ensure that the military does not interfere with civilian law enforcement and that its role remains distinct and separate from the policing functions carried out by local and state authorities. The application of this law serves to uphold civil liberties and maintain a democratic society where military power does not overshadow civilian governance and law enforcement.

In contrast, other options are either related to different aspects of U.S. law or serve different purposes, which is why they do not apply in this context. For instance, 10 U.S.C. 124 relates to the command and control of military forces, while 18 U.S.C. 2285 addresses military jurisdiction over certain offenses, and the Federal Drug Control Act pertains to drug enforcement and policy but does not concern the limits of military involvement in domestic law enforcement.