Which of the following exemptions permits vessels to assist those in danger?

The exemption that permits vessels to assist those in danger is "Rendering Assistance." This principle is rooted in international maritime law and dictates that vessels have an obligation to assist individuals and other vessels that are in distress at sea. It reflects the humanitarian aspect of maritime operations, emphasizing the importance of ensuring safety and saving lives. Vessels are expected to respond to emergencies, even if it means diverting from their original course or mission.

In contrast, "Force Majeure" typically refers to unforeseeable circumstances that prevent fulfillment of a contract, which does not directly pertain to the obligation to assist those in danger. "Universal Crimes" and "Constructive Presence" are legal concepts that relate more to jurisdictional matters in maritime law and do not specifically address the duty to render assistance in emergency situations. Thus, "Rendering Assistance" is the correct choice as it encapsulates the moral and legal duty of vessels to respond to those in peril at sea.